Marketing case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Marketing - Case Study Example The market estimates were most informative to the company because it was a new market they were venturing in and the estimates were going to help them with making the final decision about potentiality of profits before making the big move. The research was really effective as it unveiled from the discharge permits of the two states information about the water and sewage released from the city and municipality. The information the company lacked earlier about the number of pumping stations for the waste water and their growth rate which was the most important information of all was obtained from the research and this sealed the deal about the market potential in the two states and that the company would make a profit with the move based on these statistics. The sample size used was too small and lacked utility managers and engineers from New York only those from Pennsylvania. It therefore paid much concentration to the individuals as opposed to the technocrats. In the research, there also lacked information about the competitors in the business or what their marketing tactics and strategies might be and this was really important information. There is still much which is unknown about the market in the US and especially whether expansion from these two cities of New York and Pennsylvania is possible or it will prove to be a lost cause. The lack of enough information about the competitors is a huge risk because this might lead to Dillon not making enough profit to break even. On the other hand, the US was a new market and many new markets are fairly high on potentiality. Based on the information from Pennsylvania, the computerized system was highly appreciated by the residents and even utility managers and engineers were positive about the new system and were eager to have it as it would save the city costs. Lack of growth of the business is one recipe for

Pan-arabism and Pan-islamism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Pan-arabism and Pan-islamism - Essay Example Pan-Arabism is a political theory of adopting unity of the North Africa and West Asia countries from the Atlantic Ocean to the Arabian Ocean. This portion is known as the Arab World. Pan-Islamism on the other hand is a political movement recommending the unity of Muslims under one Islamic state, command, or leadership that is similar to International Organization. One common factor between Pan-Arabism and Pan-Islamism is the fact that Islam as a religion is founded on Arabic as a language. Most of the Pan-Arabic countries have Muslims as their occupant and they uphold the religion’s doctrines as part of the constitution of the countries. Arabic language is also the national language in the Pan-Arabic countries. However, there are some countries, which have Muslims but do not uphold Arabic as a national language. The two ideologies are completely different. Pan-Arabism has belief that there should be one nation in the Arabic world; similar to Umayyad Caliphate as in was in 750 C. E. when it had no Persia or Southern Spain. (Schmid) They believed that Turks, Europeans, and greedy rulers artificially drew Arab borders from Arab and that Arab people had a nature of being in a large nation like the United States.

Functions of Child Learning Through Play

Functions of Child Learning Through Play In New Zealand, play is considered as an important aspect of children’s learning especially in Early Childhood Education. Dockett and Fleer (2002) explain that Play is considered as a potentially powerful medium for learning and a strong experience for those involved in it. According to Oliver and Klugman (2002), â€Å"play is the way a child explores his world, builds skills and exercises his imagination and learns through experiences† (p. 66). What did I do or think in relation to children learning through play before the discussions and presentation? :- Before discussions I did think that play is just for fun, amusement and good time pass for children. Earlier play was important for me, but wasn’t that important as it comes clear after the discussions. What do I think now in relation to children learning through play :- Undoubtedly, play is the strong base for children’s physical, cognitive, emotional and social development. Importance of social confidence long-term effects (MoE, 1996). Physical play strengthens children’s gross motor skills through activities like riding bikes, swings, water play, running, climbing, kicking balls as well as fine motor skills by involving in activities of drawing, painting, cutting, playing with dolls. Play also holds significant importance for children’s cognitive development. It helps them in problem solving, reasoning and thinking while they are involved in plays such as puzzles, dramatic play, block play and storytelling. (Bruce, 2001) explains that language development through play is also fostered in children by verbal and non-verbal communication while expressing their feelings, interacting with playmates and listening to other’s language (Cited in New Zealand Tertiary College [NZTC], 2012). According to Glover (2001), through play, children develop and extend their social skills and develop relationships when they interact with others. Playing in groups or pairs (Cooperative play) allows them to practice their skills of sharing, turn taking, self-control and co-operating while participating in dramatic and creative plays. Children extend and practice their knowledge of the wider world through role play such as: fire fighter, doctor, father, etc. During group plays, children get the opportunity to express and control their feelings, understand others feelings, learn to resolve internal fears and conflicts. Active participation of children in their own world fosters mastery and control resulting in providing the feelings of competency and self-efficacy. Play also helps children to discover about self-including likes and dislikes (Klien, Wirth, Linas, 2004). According to the principle of holistic development in Te WhÄ riki, learning and development includes opportunities for open-ended exploration and play. For example, children love to play in sandpit, water, papers where there is no limit of amount of things that they can do with them. Materials can engage them for hours as they watch the effects that their actions can have on them (Ministry of Education [MoE], 1996). This theory is also linked with goal 4 of strand of exploration which explains that â€Å"children experience an environment where they develop working theories for making sense of the social, physical and natural worlds.†(MoE, 1996, p.90) and learning outcomes also include knowledge, skills and attitudes. Piaget believes that stages of development are directly related to stages of play (cited in Grey, 2010) .For example: Functional play (birth- 2 years) fosters sensory-motor skills in infants when they explore objects in a variety of ways using their different senses and physical abilities, can be linked to Te WhÄ riki, Goal 2 of Exploration strand and learning outcomes of â€Å"developing strategies for actively exploring and making sense of the world by using their bodies and all the senses† (MoE, 1996, p.86). Pretend play, which enables children to socialise, incorporate others in their play, use substitutions for real objects, respect other’s ideas and learn to negotiate. Lev Vygotsky’s theory is another perspective to explain the impact of play on children’s learning in early childhood education. According to McNaughton and Williams (2004), Vygotsky’s theory explains that play generates imagination through which children understand their feelings and desires. It also gives importance to rules to follow during the play to make it successful and also emphasize the importance of the social settings in which learning takes place. According to Docket and Fleer (2002), Vygotsky believes that play held greatest developmental significance in early childhood years. Children have rules and roles during the play and they learn and develop within a social and cultural context, which can be further linked to goal 3 of Contribution and strand of Communication mentioned in Te WhÄ riki. In his theory, play is explained as social learning and sometimes play is directed by the social world and children transmit social and cultural informati on and knowledge (cited in Dockett Fleer, 2002) . For example: If a child is playing alone and being mother, father or farmer, what these roles act and what social and cultural origin they have, varies with different social and cultural settings. It is also explained in goal 3 of Communication in Te WhÄ riki. Moreover, Vygotsky also emphasised that parents and educators assume an important role in children’s learning which is again a vital component of Te WhÄ riki as mentioned in goal 1 of belonging. To summarise, Play is the central component in The New Zealand Early Childhood Curriculum which fulfils all curriculum requirements and learning outcomes needed by the infants, toddlers and young children as mentioned in Te WhÄ riki. Moreover, above mentioned two theories strongly supports the role of play for development and learning of children in early childhood years. The strands, goals and principles of early childhood curriculum Te WhÄ riki also explain the significance of play in children’s learning and holistic development and make it a framework in early childhood education in Aotearoa/New Zealand. What does this teach me about future my role as a beginning teacher?:- Early childhood teacher plays an important role in children’s learning and development. Children need a safe and secure learning environment in which they should be given opportunities to explore and understand their feelings, emotions, experiences from which they will construct knowledge. Teachers can offer children with a range of quality learning experiences which will encourage active learning, problem solving, effective communication, creativity, social adjustment and participation. To provide children with active learning environment, teachers should understand the individual child by knowing children’s background, family situations, parental expectations play experiences and prior learning experiences. Dunkin and Hanna (2001) believe that teacher plays various roles such as facilitator (by providing ideas and strategies to extend their thinking and reasoning), co-learner (by using open-ended q uestions, supporting them in difficult tasks and by modelling of language), co-partner, listener/decoder, observer, planner, while involved in child’s learning through play. They also emphasize that a teacher should also have formal or informal observation of child’s strengths, interests and stages of development and should discuss and share the observation results with colleagues and families/whÄ nau. While engaging in children’s play, teachers should encourage them to express their ideas through communication. At the same time, allow children to play themselves to develop their own learning, providing different kinds of play such as physical, sensory, explorative, creative and individual and group play (Dunkin Hanna, 2001). To implement a play-based curriculum, the role of a teacher is very crucial. For example: In physical play, young children need opportunities to further develop their physical skills and practice to control their body movements, teachers need to facilitate these opportunities with availability of space and equipment. By providing sufficient range of equipment and materials, time and space, a teacher can support to develop their concentration skills by explorative play. Teachers can be play-partners or co-constructors for sensory play such as by providing opportunities to explore a variety of natural materials (sand, water, dust etc.) (NZTC, 2012). Teachers should also use strategies of problem solving, encouraging, praising and helping, questioning and suggesting (Macnaughton and Williams, 2009). They should use open-ended questions rather than direct answers and allow children to share their knowledge, ideas, beliefs and thoughts to extend their interests. Another very useful teaching strategy is following children’s Interest, where teacher can adjust the activities according to child’s lead rather than using own pre-planned activities. Implication for my teaching role in future;- Play is very important aspect of children’s learning especially in Early Childhood Education in New Zealand. It focuses on the learning and holistic development of child through various types of plays (social, physical, sensory, explorative and creative) and creates the right atmosphere for children to learn life skills and paves the way for holistic development (MoE, 1996). As children spend most of their waking hours in Early Childhood Education in New Zealand, so teachers play central role in their lives. As a future teacher I will focus on encouraging children for play and will create an environment which is non-violent, inviting, informative, fun loving and homely. Therefore, I will follow specific and effective teaching strategies which are already discussed earliar in previous section, to enhance and extend children’s learning through play. Reference List: Bruce, T. (2001). Learning through play: Babies, toddlers and the foundation years. London: Hodder Stoughton. Dockett, S., Fleer, M. (2002). Play and pedagogy in early childhood: Bending the rules. Southbank, VIC: Thomson. Dunkin, D., Hanna, P. (2001). Thinking together: Quality adult-child interactions. Wellington: New Zealand Council for Educational Research. Glover, A. (2001). The role of play in development and learning. In E.Dau (Ed.), Child’s play: Revisiting play in early childhood settings. Rosebury, NSW: MacLennan Petty. Klien, T., Wirth, D., Linas, K. (2004). Play: Children’s context for development. In D. Koralek (Ed.), Spotlight on young children and play. Washington, DC: National Association for the Education of Young Children. Grey, A. (2010). Developmental theories in early childhood education. In B. Clark A. Grey (Eds.), Perspectives on early childhood education. Ata kite ate pae – scanning the horizon (pp. 46-54). North Shore, New Zealand: Pearson. MacNaughton, G., Williams, G. (2004). Techniques for teaching young children: Choices in theory and practice (2nd ed.). Frenchs Forest, NSW: Pearson Education Australia. Ministry of Education. (1996). Te WhÄ riki: He whÄ riki mÄ tauranga mÃ…Â  nga mokopuna o Aotearoa/Early childhood curriculum. Wellington, New Zealand: Learning Media. New Zealand Tertiary College. (2012). Play as framework for learning 1 study guide. Auckland, New Zealand: New Zealand Tertiary College Oliver, S. J., Klugman, E. (2002). Playing the day away. Child Care Information Exchange, 5, 66-69

Movie Review of Tristan and Isolde :: essays research papers

In Medieval times during King Arthur’s reign beholds the legend of Tristan and Isolde, which is retold in this film packed full of daring action and romance. Director, Kevin Reynolds, and writer, Dean Georgaris put the classic legend up on the screen. It is rated PG-13 for the many battle sequences and some brief sexuality, but is still suitable for most audiences. In 125 minutes, you may enjoy many deadly battles and enticing romantic scenes as well. Reynolds did a stupendous job on recreating the love story of the Irish King’s daughter, Isolde, played by Sophia Myles, and Tristan, played by James Franco, who is from an English tribe and the Irish’s enemy. During one breathtaking battle, the bold and courageous Tristan is hurt tremendously and is thought to be dead so they put him in the ocean. Ironically, he is not dead, and a lonely Isolde finds him on the sandy beach, barely alive. With the help of her maid, Isolde nurses him back to health, and during this time they fall madly in love with each other. Isolde misleads Tristan to believe that she is someone else during the time he spends with her. She also discovers that she is promised to marriage to the man that has helped her father out continuously through the years. He is also the man that Tristan killed in a battle, during a fight that left them both near death, but only the other man dying. Tristan must return to his own country and can’t be seen by any of the Irish so he leaves quickly. When he returns he discovers that the Irish king, Donnchadh wishes to throw the English tribes into chaos, so he has a tournament between the English, to fight among themselves. The prize is his daughter. Tristan wins the princess' hand for Lord Marke, who wishes to put all the tribes in union. Isolde who sees the fight and thinks she may now marry Tristan rushes up to him and says, â€Å"I am yours I am all yours † Tristan is horrified to see that the woman he wins for Marke, is Isolde, and she is devastated as well. Worse, Marke is a good and worthy future king, whose belief in Tristan has made him the young knight who he is. First, separated by countries at war, and now because of the respect to king and country, Tristan and Isolde must stay apart. Movie Review of Tristan and Isolde :: essays research papers In Medieval times during King Arthur’s reign beholds the legend of Tristan and Isolde, which is retold in this film packed full of daring action and romance. Director, Kevin Reynolds, and writer, Dean Georgaris put the classic legend up on the screen. It is rated PG-13 for the many battle sequences and some brief sexuality, but is still suitable for most audiences. In 125 minutes, you may enjoy many deadly battles and enticing romantic scenes as well. Reynolds did a stupendous job on recreating the love story of the Irish King’s daughter, Isolde, played by Sophia Myles, and Tristan, played by James Franco, who is from an English tribe and the Irish’s enemy. During one breathtaking battle, the bold and courageous Tristan is hurt tremendously and is thought to be dead so they put him in the ocean. Ironically, he is not dead, and a lonely Isolde finds him on the sandy beach, barely alive. With the help of her maid, Isolde nurses him back to health, and during this time they fall madly in love with each other. Isolde misleads Tristan to believe that she is someone else during the time he spends with her. She also discovers that she is promised to marriage to the man that has helped her father out continuously through the years. He is also the man that Tristan killed in a battle, during a fight that left them both near death, but only the other man dying. Tristan must return to his own country and can’t be seen by any of the Irish so he leaves quickly. When he returns he discovers that the Irish king, Donnchadh wishes to throw the English tribes into chaos, so he has a tournament between the English, to fight among themselves. The prize is his daughter. Tristan wins the princess' hand for Lord Marke, who wishes to put all the tribes in union. Isolde who sees the fight and thinks she may now marry Tristan rushes up to him and says, â€Å"I am yours I am all yours † Tristan is horrified to see that the woman he wins for Marke, is Isolde, and she is devastated as well. Worse, Marke is a good and worthy future king, whose belief in Tristan has made him the young knight who he is. First, separated by countries at war, and now because of the respect to king and country, Tristan and Isolde must stay apart.

Student Web Scavenger Hunt

Log on to the University of Phoenix eCampus web page located at: https://ecampus. phoenix. edu/portal/portal/public/login. aspx. Explore the resources available on the site and use them to answer the following questions. WRITING RESOURCES 1. Which three reviewing services are available to students through the Center for Writing Excellence? The plagiarism checker, the tutor review, and write point corrections. 2. Which resource in the Tutorials & Guides section of the Center for Writing Excellence offers tips about how to format a paper? The APA information section publication manual. 3. What are the University of Phoenix’s suggested resources for academic writing formatting and grammar guides? (Hint: This information is located in the Center for Writing Excellence) Plagiarism checker, tutor review, and write. UNIVERSITY LIBRARY 1. What are the three major article databases found in the University Library? EBSCO host, Thompson Gale Power Search, and Pro Quest. 2. Name three specialized article databases in the University Library. Business Insights, Economist. om, and Journal of Leadership Studies. 3. What link would you click to ask a question of the University of Phoenix Librarian? Ask a Librarian. COURSE INFORMATION 1. From your student Web site, how do you access your reading assignments for this course? Materials tab. 2. What chapter from the text Keys to College Studying is part of the reading assignment for Week Four of this course? Chapter 8 3. Where on your student Web site will you be able to find you r schedule and course grades for all courses completed to date? Under program tab and then Schedule and Grades. LEARNING TEAMS 1. What six documents are contained in the â€Å"Toolkit Essentials† section of the Learning Team Toolkit? The learning team handbook, the online campus learning team handbook, guide to completing the University of Phoenix learning team charter, the learning team log, team evaluation, and team charter. 2. According to the Learning Team Toolkit section, â€Å"Why Learning Teams? † what are the four essential functions filled by Learning Teams that are especially beneficial to working adult learners? To create a team learning environment that students can share their knowledge from their personal environments and experiences, create the best possible quality with shared assignments by getting the most out of the group, offer support while providing help with life other demands, and help students obtain and use knowledge learn. STUDENT SERVICES 1. What is the phone number for University of Phoenix technical support? (Hint: Use the â€Å"Help† button in the top right corner of the page. ) 1. 877. 832. 4867 2. Where can you find information about who to contact for questions regarding student disabilities? The University Disability Services section. 3. What three National Testing Programs does the University of Phoenix award credit for? College Level Examination Program, Defense Activities for Non-Traditional Education Support, and the Excelsior College Examinations. 4. Name one form of misconduct in the Student Code of Conduct. (Hint: The Student Code of Conduct is located in the Academic Catalog). Using or being under the influence of alcohol or illegal drugs while in class, at campus-sanctioned events, or when meeting with campus personnel.

Disadvantages of science Essay

How Science and Technology Affects Human’s Life Science and technology are two things related to each other. Science is a systematic knowledge base, where a series of steps is followed in order to reliably predict the type of outcome. It is all about theories and focused on analysis. Science is the key by which man go anywhere at any time in the space. It has brought about several outstanding advantages to mankind. Technology, on the other hand, is more of an applied science. It is where tools and knowledge are used for the study of a particular science. It is all about process. What is life without science and technology? Nowadays, people can’t imagine their lives without technology. Anywhere they go and whatever they do, there are many things related to science. These are human’s inventions and innovations or various technologies surround them that provide their needs. Even in their daily activities or simple tasks, they are already using those technologies. Refrigerators, microwaves, televisions, cellular phones, laptops, digital cameras, cars, computers and lights are some technologies that human uses in their daily lives. These technologies really provide them many advantages. It is easy to think about the advantages however, for your information technology has also disadvantages. Science and Technology helps human beings make their lives easier in such a way that it helps them in every sector. Like in transportation, through cars, airplanes or trains, they can travel faster to their desired places. From inventions and innovations of great minds, robots and machines are made to help people make lesser mistakes. Because of technology, man can save his time, efforts and give him a quality to his works. Moreover, technology increases production. People can create multiple materials in a short period of time because of modern machines. Most of all, one of the most important advantages of technology is through the field of medical science or human health. Because of the inventions of technology for surgical operations and discoveries of many medicines, human’s life span will be lengthened and will save innocent lives. Science and Technology also changed human’s way of communicating. From telephones to cellular phones, then came the computers and Internets which gave them information. Through these, now they can do video conferences to their love ones at abroad or chatting their friends. Satellite communication is another important dimension of technology. Satellite TV s and satellite radios have eased the broadcasting of events across the globe. Computers can store, organize and manage huge amounts of data. They can process large amounts of information. Computers have given rise to the software industry, one of the most progressive industries of the world. Gadgets can give entertainment not only to teenagers but to everyone. In addition technology also gives assurance or for emergency use. On the other hand, with the advancement in the field of latest technology, people face many disadvantages out of the benefit of modern technology. It can harm our environment. New transportation technology causes pollution by the smoke or gas from factories and cars. Most people lost their job because companies took up automatic machines to improve their production with accuracy. Yet, the answers or discoveries that technology gave may not be always correct. These machines look inexpensive and its good to use but once there are technical problems occur in machines, it took much time to fix it and also it can be more expensive. There are also side effects of technology in our health. This can cause growth of eye disease, increase of body weight and can cause cancer because of radiation of specific technology. Science and Technology can cause people’s communication poor. According to Lauren Nelson, when communicating face to face, nonverbal behaviors provide context clues for the words we use. Unfortunately, the Wall Street Journal found that technologies like email, texting and instant messaging remove these important context clues, and can lead to misunderstandings. Sarcasm and jokes without nonverbal context cues can cause frustration. Though smiley faces with different expressions called â€Å"emoticons† are sometimes used to substitute traditional nonverbal cues, they fall far short of what face-to-face communication can provide. He also states that as more students buy cell phones, iPods, and gaming systems, technology’s impact on effective communication is becoming more pronounced. As the District Chronicles reports, teachers attempting to convey messages about lessons and textbooks find students are texting, playing, or listening to music. Not only does this mitigate the teacher’s ability to communicate lessons, but it hurts future communicative interaction between the teacher and student because of the lack of respect it conveys. The youth has also been very much addicted to gadgets that they get to spend too much time with it and creates their own world. Technology can make people lazy. Many people are already dependent and embrace this technology. Like students playing computer games instead of going to school or study. Technology also brings us privacy issues. From cell phone signal interceptions to email hacking, people are now worried about their once private information becoming public knowledge and making profit out of video scandals. Advanced technology has also created thousands of cases of cyber crimes, cheating and fraud. And most of all because of the new technology, the world may be facing terrorists threat and all of us are afraid of nuclear war. If people of the world use these inventions and innovations in a right way, we are all going to be benefited out of these but if the motive of a human being is not positive, surely they will face the technology’s disadvantages.

Suicide Essays - Free Essays, Term Papers, Research Papers

Suicide Essays - Free Essays, Term Papers, Research Papers Suicide He grasps the handles with shaking hands, Opening the portal to other lands. Soon he will hear the trumpets of the bands. The unstable roof withheld the nervous man. He walked to the edge and took a stand. As he fell, he suddenly had second thoughts about his terrible plan. Sean82tf

COMPARISON OF BREATHLESS AND DOUBLE HAPPINESS

COMPARISON OF BREATHLESS AND DOUBLE HAPPINESS The narrative closure of Breathless and Double Happiness, are quite different. The definition of closure: The degree to which the ending of a narrative film reveals the effects of all the causal events and resolves (or closes off) all lines of action . Therefore its clear that the plot is over there are no questions left unanswered. In both the films Breathless and Double Happiness the narrative closure is only partial. In both these films we are left wondering of certain events that are left unresolved. Although the film, Breathless leaves us confused and unsettled. Double Happiness is far less confusing and unanswered. Jean-Luc Godard produced Breathless, in 1959. It was created during a period in film history called the French New Wave. This film is about a car thief, named Michelle. He kills a motorcycle police in the first scene of the film, and flees to Paris in order to get money to escape to Italy. He also goes to Paris to try to convince Patricia, an American art student, with whom he had a brief affair to flee to Italy with him. She is very indecisive and after a few days she decides that she loves him, and that she will flee with him. They plan their escape and just as Michelle is about to receive the cash from his friend Antonio, that he needs to flee; Patricia calls the police and reports him. We are uncertain why Patricia turned in a man she claimed to love. When they arrive the authorities shoot Michelle. The very last few scenes are rather puzzling. They are of Michelle dying. Patricia looking down at him. He slowly makes the same faces at her that he had made before, during one of their long conversations. And mutters, Thats really disgusting, then he dies. Patricia then asks the detective what he said. And the detective responds You are really a little bitch- which is wrong. But, we are left wondering what Michelle...

A Pro Drop Parameter English Language Essay

A Pro Drop Parameter English Language Essay Pro-drop parameter is such a parameter for whether the declarative sentence in universal grammar can omit the subject. It is also known as null subject parameter, non-subject parameter. The so-called â€Å"pro-drop† phenomenon refers to the subject can be deleted in the declarative sentence (White, 1986). The pro-drop parameter (null subject parameter) proposed is based on the phenomenon of omitted subject pronouns in some language. The empty synonymous is commonly known as pro, the language of the subject can be omitted due to the pro appears only in subject position, or the language with no main statement can be called as pro-drop language. Whether the subject can be omitted constitutes a parameter in universal grammar, known as pro-drop parameter. Pro-drop parameter is a universal grammar parameter which is the most discussed (Chomsky and Lasnik, 1991). It is an important parameter to examine the second language acquisition effect in the study of the second language learni ng. Pro-drop parameter assumption studies the adult null subject phenomenon to show the object-drop in the children’s language, the basic premise of the theory is for the most grammar provides null subject parameter for language learners (White, 1986). This default parameter allows null subject, so only when the child’s language environment provides them with clear evidence to prove their language cannot be null subject, it will lead them to reset the parameters. Different languages à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹have different pro-drop parameter values, that is, to determine whether the declarative sentence can omit the subject. Chomsky (2000) argues that the sentence has two levels, one is the deep structure (d-structure) to express the sentence vocabulary meaning, it is the concept structure in the brain before the people to talk; the other is the shallow structure (s -structure) to express the moving relationship of sentence elements, it is the sound people sp eak. Principles and parameters theory claims that empty synonymous pro only appears in d-structure, and does not appear in s-structure (Ouhalla, 2000). In the d-structure of the implied subject sentence, the subject is existed, invisible pro is taken as the subject, the main word syntactic component does not disappear, and it is still present in the speech’s heart and brain syntax with â€Å"psychological reality.† In the s-structure of the implied subject, the subject is existed in the form of â€Å"null†, the subject form of this â€Å"null† is called pro. It knows that the pro is implied in s-structure. Although many studies have tried to explain second language learners like children acquisition native-like to set the open parameters, since the early 1980s, people found that the initial stage of the second language learners will transfer the parameters set in mother tongue (Gass and Schachter, 1989; Lydia, 1989, 1991). Here, taking the implied pro par ameters for illustration here carries out a brief description of the similarities and differences in setting of this parameter in the native language. In addition, it will also explain the potential advantages are of the assumption there is a pro drop parameter. In children’s brain, the setting of the language parameter can be considered a switch: children adjust each parameter value according to their heard language material. Chomsky (2000) suggests that the transition from the initial state to a stable state is actually the process of setting switch direction (Cook and Newson, 2000, pp.110). Acquisition of English syntax means setting the all parameters in universal grammar according to the English habit, and the parameter settings are activated relying on linguistic evidence. Usually there are three linguistic à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹instances: positive evidence, direct negative evidence and indirect negative evidence. Positive evidence refers to the language h eard by children. The linguistic instance heard by British children enables them to find English is a non-implicit pro parameter language. Spanish children will find that Spanish is the implicit pro parameter language. Direct negative evidence, also known as direct correction, is directly from the adult corrections. However, the direct correction is limited. Even if corrected directly, children also tend to ignore, thus the direct correction cannot be the main source for the children to obtain the language skills. Indirect negative evidence is such a language form for the children cannot hear. British children are impossible to hear such as â€Å"Sits.† statement, or reversed predicate word order, such as â€Å"Sits he.† So, some studies suggest that the indirect negative instance contributes to the setting of parameters. Hyams (1981) specifically studied the implicit pro parameter setting in the native language acquisition. She found that the British children could sp eak many sentences without subject like the Spanish, such as: â€Å"Play it.† Or â€Å"No go in†. At the same time, in their language they will leave the words such as ‘it’ and ‘there’. Gradually, they began to understand that the English needs the lexical subject and added the function words ‘it’ and ‘there’ in sentences. While the Spanish children in the beginning thought that Spanish is the language of the implicit parameter, and does not need to change. Hyams (1981) believes that in the acquisition of the mother tongue, the children regard the implied pro parameters as a default, it is, regardless of their language, always speak the sentences without subject, the children eventually found the parameter values à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹from the positive evidence. Non-implied pro parameters language English uses impersonal Indefinite pronoun ‘it’ in the sentences expressing weather: â€Å"Ità ¢â‚¬â„¢s raining.† In the presence of the sentence, ‘there’ is used: â€Å"Once upon a time, there were three bears.† The emergence of expletive subject makes the British children were aware of the English is a non-implied subject language. Cook (2000: 90) argued that the basis for the universal grammar to explain language acquisition lies in the positive evidence plays a key role. Children are mainly from the positive evidence rather than negative evidence to acquisition of the mother tongue.

The Native Americans in the 18th and 19th Centuries Essay - 1

The Native Americans in the 18th and 19th Centuries - Essay Example This paper illustrates that although there is a common belief that the Native Americans came from Asia, few if any came from India. Mistakenly believing that he had landed in the Indies, Christopher Columbus gave them the name ‘Indian’. Other names accorded to them include Indigenous Peoples of America, Aboriginal Americans, American Indians, Amerindians, and First Peoples First Nations among others. For many years, these people had peacefully lived in America until the invasion of the European colonialists and explorers who brought endless problems to them. Since the European colonists landed in America in the 16th and 17th century, the Native Americans welcomed them enthusiastically. They admired their â€Å"outlandish clothes, ships as well as their superb technology including brass and copper kettles, mirrors, earrings, the fire-belching cannon and arquebus, hawk bells, steel swords and knives† among others. However, there eventually arose conflicts as the Nat ive Americans discovered their materialistic view of the land coupled with their â€Å"cultural arrogance†. In the 18th and 19th centuries, the European colonists invaded the state and colonies frontiers inexorably displacing Native Americans from the most favorable land. Largely displaced were the Native Americans in the central and eastern North Carolina portions. Often times, â€Å"the Natives resisted this process violently†. Armed conflicts such as the Tuscarora (1711–1715) and Yemassee (1715–1717) wars involved â€Å"forcefully† removing native populations onto a small number of small reservations.

Compare and contrast financial and managerial accounting Essay

Compare and contrast financial and managerial accounting - Essay Example This memo outlines the differences between managerial accounting and financial accounting and the Managerial Reports and Usefulness in Decision Making. The reports presented in this memo comprise of product cost reports, budget reports, performance report, order information report and the business opportunity report. Differences between Managerial and Financial Accounting Given the fact that one of the duties of a manager is to plan; then it stipulates that management accounting has a solid emphasis on the future. On the other hand, financial accounting fundamentally gives summaries of the previous financial transactions. The summaries might be very important in the planning process, but only to a particular point. In this perspective, the future might not be a replication of the transactions that took place previously. Modifications are regularly taking place in the fiscal conditions thus the modifications call for planning which is based to a large extent on estimates of the transa ctions that will take place as opposed to the summaries of the transactions that have already taken place (Needles, Powers & Crosson, 2010). Financial accounting information is always anticipated to b verifiable and objective. Nonetheless, for internal purpose the manager demands data that is significant even if it is not totally verifiable or objective. By virtue of relevance, it implies that appropriate for the challenge at hand. For instance, it is hard to ascertain that estimated volume of sales for a proposed expansion of business into the foreign country but this is precisely the kind of data that is prevalently useful to managers in the process of decision making. On the other hand management accounting information system must be adequately elastic to give any kind of information that is appropriate for any specific decision (Teale, 2003). Managerial Reports and Usefulness in Decision Making There are various managerial reports which are used in making important decisions in business. Such reports comprise of cost reports, Performance reports, budget reports, business opportunity reports and order reports. These types of reports have various uses in decision making process. Cost Reports Management accounting makes calculations of the cost of goods and services being produced. This is possible through accumulation of costs of raw products, costs of overheads, labor costs and any other extra costs that might be put into consideration. The entire costs are then divided by the quantity of the products produced where the information is put into a cost report. Cost reports are significant methods for firms to adapt or learn which areas of a business are potentially profitable and areas that costs more money. When cost reports are made prior to the beginning of a project, they give an efficient estimate of the likely cost of a project thus allowing the manager to plan and estimate the profit margin. Whenever the cost reports are made after the project has been finalized one can get a better insight of the maximum costs and the profit expected from the project. Use of the Report This type of report gives the managers the ability to see the constituent cost prices of products against the selling prices thus enabling them to determine the profit margin. Efficient cost reports gives quality information to enable managers see the significance

Personality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 5

Personality - Essay Example Several other researches have been conducted by other psychologists that reveal that the big five personality traits indeed impact greatly on the performance of individuals; whether academically or at the place of work. This paper will describe the Big Five personality traits and examine how these traits might contribute positively to the performance of an individual. Buchanan (1998) notes that extraverts are individuals who are outgoing, enthusiastic, sociable, and very confident of themselves. They are also action-oriented and approach the material and social world with a lot of energy. Research also indicates that they prefer being with others because they are very talkative. This kind of trait can indeed contribute positively to the performance of such persons in a various ways. Firstly, it builds strong interpersonal relationships, which is good for an individual’s performance at the workplace. This is because it makes an individual fit in groups easily thereby improving their performance. Littlepage et al. (1995) noted that extraverts participate better in teamwork compared to their introverted counterparts. Another study by Thoms, Moore, and Scot (1996) revealed that extraverts exhibit positive attitudes toward working as a team. This makes them able to accomplish their assigned tasks by engaging others in-group work. They are also said to make good leaders since they are able to rally the group toward achieving set objectives. In addition, they are very creative thereby improving their performance. Conscientiousness pertains to how people regulate, direct, or control impulse. Conscientious people are said to be very responsible, hard working, ambitious, and thorough in whatever they do. This trait can also impact positively on a person’s performance. This is because they are more likely to complete their work easily because

Modern Business in Comparative Perspective Essay - 9

Modern Business in Comparative Perspective - Essay Example The system is characterized by static standards of living and the interest of the community supersedes that of individuals (Gregory & Stuart, 2014). The command (regulated system) is an economic system where the economy is either controlled by the government or a corporate body as the centralized power. They regulate the distribution and use of resources. In addition, these bodies control wages and prices as well as the individual tasks (Lopus, 2013). This system has the potential of creating nutritious supply of resources to the people. Socialism is an example of command system where governments have certain level of control in socialist nations. Governments in state socialist own and operate commercial sectors for social purpose. On the other hand, in the market economic system, the government does not control major resources and the vital facets of the economy. Individuals make the economic decision such as how to invest their resources, type of job to take, and goods and services to produce. Different organizations influence the economic activities by influencing the supply and demand for resources and goods or services (Dui gnan & Britannica Educational Publishing. (2013). It is similar to free market system. In case it is a pure market system, then the government is completely absent on the economic decisions or economic affairs. In the 19th century, the USA was very close to the pure economic system. However, a mixed economic system synchronizes both the elements of command and market economy. Despite the fact that individuals make decisions in the market, the government influences the distribution and allocation of resources. Currently the US economy is a mixed economy (Gottlieb, Tilly & Shorter, 2013). Corporate economic systems have exhibited diversity in many countries. This is attributed to the different situations in each country such as: a country’s developmental stage, business and government relation, labor

Connecting idea Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Connecting idea - Essay Example For instance, in the lives of Muslims, the use of the veil and hijab among women, has changed from time to time as they tried to survive in their communities. Along with this change was also the obvious adaptation in the commonly used English language. Such changes in the use of the veil and hijab as well as the English language will be discussed in more detail in the following paragraphs. In our world today, it is not uncommon to hear Muslim women being terrorized by non-Muslims saying that they are terrorists. For example, in the speech of Hafsah Badru Amirah, president of Muslim Students Society in Nigeria during the World Hijab Day in February, she reminded her audience that one of the reasons for the celebration is in remembrance of a Muslim woman stabbed to death in a German court for no other reason than wearing a hijab (Amirah). Hebah and Sarah, sisters from a Muslim family who migrated to America from Egypt, tell about their experiences about using the veil and hijab. They share about how people have always been fascinated by their way of dressing and how they have been threatened by strangers simply by the way they looked. For the non-Muslim who feels threatened by the presence of a Muslim woman wearing a hijab, it should be understood that such fear is also felt by the woman inside the strange costume. Nevertheless, that is not always the case so Muslims no w have differing opinions about their traditional clothing. For Hebah and Sarah, it is not a statement of their religion but it is their desire to obey Allah that they use hijab even in the face of dangers. However, in a world where they feel their sexuality is abused in a male-dominated workplace like in the case of Hebah, she feels the need to use the hijab as her way of saying, â€Å"I am a respectable woman† (Ali). Although there are Muslim women like Hebah and Sarah who would rather suffer the consequences of using

Should the U.S. lower the drinking age to 18 Research Paper - 1

Should the U.S. lower the drinking age to 18 - Research Paper Example Smith (2008) pointed out that â€Å"teenagers have not developed the cognitive, social, and psychological mechanisms that are needed to make thoughtful and logical decisions about alcohol use† (Smith). In other words, people below the age of 21 may not be able to take sound decisions in their life and therefore they should not be allowed to drink. At the same time, many people argue that if an 18 year person is wise enough to elect political leaders, then he should be allowed to take drink at the age of 18. At 20 years old, an American can drive a car, buy cigarettes and pornography, vote for the next leader of the free world, and even die for his or her country by enlisting in the military. But that same person cannot order a beer with friends while watching the game at a sports bar. Because of the National Minimum Drinking Age Act of 1984, some Americans can put themselves in front of terrorists with machine guns, but not a Heineken† (Blanche). In short, legal drink ag e is a controversial topic in America at present because of the various dimensions attached to this topic. So many arguments were cited in favour and against the lowering of drink age in America. In my opinion, drink age should not be lowered under any circumstances since lowering of drink age can generate so many social, physical and mental problems not only to the drinker but also to the family and society in which he belongs. Seaman Barrett (2005) in his article "How Bingeing Became the New College Sport" argued in favour of lowering drink age from 21 to 18 in America. He has cited many reasons for his argument. â€Å"Pregaming is a common thing in American college campuses which came into existence in the 1990’s. It usually involves sitting in a dorm room or an off-campus apartment and drinking as much hard liquor as possible before heading out for the evening's parties† (Seaman). Parker (2007) also supported the arguments of Seaman. In his opinion, â€Å"because of the ban, instead of drinking in bars or restaurants where there is supervision, it's happening in dorms and dark corners† (Parker). One of the major arguments cited in favour of lowering of drink age to 18 is that non-availability of drinks through legal channels may force the teenagers to get it from illegal sources. Supporters of these arguments are of the view that drinks from illegal sources could be more dangerous and poisonous than the drinks from legal channels. â€Å"Over 80% of adults believe that it is easy for people under the age of 18 to access alcohol in pubs and off-licenses† (Morrissey). It is a fact that antisocial elements can exploit these teenagers for various purposes. However, in my opinion, these arguments are illogical. It is the duty of the government to take necessary actions to punish those who supply liquor illegally. It is meaningless to lower the drink age instead of prohibiting illegal liquor supply. Each year, approximately 5,000 young people under the age of 21 die as a result of underage drinking; this includes about 1,900 deaths from motor vehicle crashes, 1,600 as a result of homicides, 300 from suicide, as well as hundreds from other injuries such as falls, burns, and drowning†(Alcohol Alert). Teenagers during their developmental stages many not be able to take sound decisions. They are not matured enough to take wise decisions for their

Connecting idea Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Connecting idea - Essay Example For instance, in the lives of Muslims, the use of the veil and hijab among women, has changed from time to time as they tried to survive in their communities. Along with this change was also the obvious adaptation in the commonly used English language. Such changes in the use of the veil and hijab as well as the English language will be discussed in more detail in the following paragraphs. In our world today, it is not uncommon to hear Muslim women being terrorized by non-Muslims saying that they are terrorists. For example, in the speech of Hafsah Badru Amirah, president of Muslim Students Society in Nigeria during the World Hijab Day in February, she reminded her audience that one of the reasons for the celebration is in remembrance of a Muslim woman stabbed to death in a German court for no other reason than wearing a hijab (Amirah). Hebah and Sarah, sisters from a Muslim family who migrated to America from Egypt, tell about their experiences about using the veil and hijab. They share about how people have always been fascinated by their way of dressing and how they have been threatened by strangers simply by the way they looked. For the non-Muslim who feels threatened by the presence of a Muslim woman wearing a hijab, it should be understood that such fear is also felt by the woman inside the strange costume. Nevertheless, that is not always the case so Muslims no w have differing opinions about their traditional clothing. For Hebah and Sarah, it is not a statement of their religion but it is their desire to obey Allah that they use hijab even in the face of dangers. However, in a world where they feel their sexuality is abused in a male-dominated workplace like in the case of Hebah, she feels the need to use the hijab as her way of saying, â€Å"I am a respectable woman† (Ali). Although there are Muslim women like Hebah and Sarah who would rather suffer the consequences of using

Pest Essay Example for Free

Pest Essay Hong Kong is politically stable, there would rarely be any political factors that will interrupt and slow down the company’s growth. Hong Kong doesn’t have goods and services tax so this allows McDonalds to have lower expenses and they can maximize their profit. The international operations of Mcdonald’s are highly influenced by the individual state policies enforced by each government. Economic- The economic collapse has caused Hong Kong to enter the recession stage in the economic cycle. Therefore the demands for low price food increase tremendously and this benefited McDonald, since the foods are cheap and the quality is guaranteed. Inflation has caused McDonald to raise meal price, in long term, as inflation raised to a point that it will be too expensive and McDonald will lose its large customer base. But still Mcdonald’s is still a market leader and it got a very (high)large target market. low cost more incomes. The rate at which the economy of that particular state grows determines the purchasing power of the consumers in that country. Social- McDonald is a fast food restaurant company so they can perform their services in a short period of time and this fits with the fast paced lifestyle in Hong Kong. In the past few years Hong Kong people are more aware of healthy eating, so they stay away from high calories and high cholesterol food. McDonald tries to prevent the loss of customer by adding healthier food in the menu such as salads sweet corn. Working within many social groups. Increase employments. Technology- Hong Kong has a well developed transportation system, especially the airport that has airlines that connects to different part of the world. Their food supplies can be delivered from all around the world in a short period. Computers and smart cashiers are used by the employees so they would not get confused and they are provided with customized database management system. They also have Wifi provide in every McDonalds also, its very convenient for people that is using laptop. Quality packing and standards. Advanced technology development. Local manufacture using foreign supplies. | | Strength| Strong brand name, image and reputation- Clean environment and play areas for children (bday party provided)- 24 hours- Customer intimacy- Product innovation- Supplier integration| Weaknesses| High staff turnover (food going to waste)- Unhealthy food image- Low depth and width of product- Unbalanced meals (mostly meat, amount of fruit or vegetable not much)| Opportunities| Expand into Tier 2 and Tier 3 cities- Growth of the fast-food industry- Worldwide deregulation- Low cost menu that will attract the customers- Freebies and discounts- Can open up online service for customers Growing health trend (fresh burger or healthy dessert)| Threats| Increase competition from local fast food outlets- Mcdonald’s competitors threatened market share of the company both internationally and domestically- Health issues – Health professionals and consumer activities accuse Mcdonald’s of contributing to the country’s health issue of high cholesterol, heart attacks, diabetes and obesity- Lack of choices (customers will change their taste anyday)- Global recession and fluctuating foreign currencies- Fast-foo d chain industry is expected to struggle to meet the expectations of the customers towards health and environmental issues|

The Bargaining Power Of Supplier And Generic Strategy Business Essay

The Bargaining Power Of Supplier And Generic Strategy Business Essay Generic strategy is the framework that explains in competitive advantage. According to Porter (Campbell, 2002), the generic strategy was insisted that there are three main options which are the best fit to the competition between firms that are differentiation, cost leadership and focus. In the past, the most consumers of computer market might know only Windows OS (operating system). Therefore in order to compete with large firm like Microsoft and the other, the differentiation strategy has been chosen by Steve Jobs. As a result, Macintosh, iPod and iPhone had been published and Apple can be achieved in several years later. Porters five forces analysis The bargaining power of supplier More bargaining power of supplier can determine less profitability in any companies (Smit, 2006). On the other hand, it can refer to the benefit of the buyer who may get better quality products. Apple Company has published the supplier responsibility report which explains the detail of Apples supplier standard (Apple, 2010). In addition, as can be seen from this report, Apple has tried to improve the efficiency of their supplier in order to meet their expectation and may reduce the bargaining power of their supplier. There is no doubt that Apple Company is still rapidly growing (Apple, 2010a), therefore the company still looking for new suppliers. Moreover, Apple has developed an ecosystem to obtain the best possible value and benefit to their customers and stakeholders. To decrease the bargaining power of Apples suppliers, the company allows new suppliers to register online on the companys website (Apple, 2010). Moreover, due to Apple is the leader technology company which has large demand of raw material. Thus, there are a plenty of suppliers which have been registered in order to be the Apples suppliers. Then, when there are more competitive among large number of suppliers, the bargaining power of them will be decreased. The bargaining power of buyer In order to achieve in the majority of markets, a company should meet the expectations of their customers which come from age, income, educational level, or even personality (Gilligan Wilson, 2003). Buyers seem to be more prices sensitive if the products are not differentiated because they can alternative to another retailer (Smit, 2006). However, Apple Companys positioning more focuses on less price sensitive customers which suppose to purchase premium product. Therefore, brand image of Apple had been created in order to contain the royalty of their customer and try to maintain their premium position. In addition, the product of Apple has been created base on differentiated and their customer requirement which cannot find from the other brands. (from lecture in the class) Furthermore, due to Apples products are differentiated form the other brands and the loyalty of Apple brand is quite high level, the bargaining power of buyers are therefore quite low. Threat of new entrance An entering of new companies to the industry may cause of decreasing the market share of the company (Hill Jones, 2009). However, Kurtz et al (2007) state that differentiation of product and brand as well as having a strong marketing strategy like competitive advantage might help the company to maintain the market share and generate profit. According to Apple (2010b), the operating system of Mac has been designed to unable to infect any PC viruses or any malware whereas Windows which is the operating system of Microsoft brand can be infected by varieties of PC viruses. Additionally, Graphical User Interface (GUI) of Apples applications is also different from the other brands. Furthermore, as can be seen Apple is differentiated from the other brand which make them have a strong position in the market. However, their competitors of MP3, phone, OS, Laptop PC, and the other products (Sony, Nokia, Microsoft, Dell, and so on) have tried to compete with Apple and they try to improve themselves as well as Apple Company. Consequently, the threat of new entry in Apple Companys level is low to medium and may increase in the future. , Threat of substitute product The products can be substituted by the same need of consumers (Campbell et al, 2002). For instance, if consumers want to buy a laptop, there are many choice of laptop which has similar performance and the same Operating System. Therefore they can pick the brand they want, nothing so different. However, Campbell (2002) insisted that the threat of substitute might have 2 factors which are the price and performance of the substitute and willingness of buyers to switch to the substitute. First the price and performance of the substitute, According to the feature of iPhone4 which is the earliest product of Apple, it combined together with smart phone which including FaceTime function, high quality camera and video recording, MP3, map and much more features. As a consequence, it is difficult for the other firms to substitute this company. In contrast, the price of Apples products is quiet high hence if the need of customer is not met, thus the competitor of Apple may have an opportunity to substitute the market. Secondly the willingness of buyers to switch to the substitute, the buyers may want to change supplier if they found the brand that have similar performance but cheaper. In Apple case, the customers are quiet high loyalty in the brand. As can be seen from Daily mail news (First Poulter, 2010), the first day that iPhone 4 released, there were crowned of people queued in front of their shops around the world. Furthermore, Campbell (2002) stated that the thread of substitute of the product can be as reduced as more buyers loyalty of the products. Consequently, the thread of substitute product of Apple is quiet low. The intensity of rivalry among competitor in the industry Businesses usually compete with each other in many ways for example, pricing, promotion, advertising and additional services (Campbell, 2002). In addition, Smit (2006) supports the idea that to compete between firms is similar to the jockeying for position which many tactics are used to compete with each other. Moreover, Campbell (2002) insists that the fifth force is the most important in five forces model and 3 factors of the fifth force have been explained. First the height of entry barriers and the number and size of the competitors in the industry (Campbell, 2002: p. 140), as mentioned above Apple have large firms to be their competitors such as Sony, Microsoft and more. On the other hand, due to the differentiated and quality of Apples products, it results in that Apple is in the first position of the most innovative company and their financial situation is successful (Bloomberg Businessweek, 2010) Second the degree of brand loyalty of customers (Campbell, 2002: p.141), as can be seen on the first day of releasing iPhone 4 (First Poulter, 2010) that there were more than thousands of people who queued to purchase iPhone 4 around the world, it additionally shows that the Apples brand loyalty of customers is high. Hence, the intense competition of Apple is quiet low. Third the power of buyers and availability of substitutes (Campbell, 2002: p.141), due to the differentiated in Apples products, it results in low bargaining power of the buyers and low availability of substitutes also. Conclusion In conclusion, due to achievement of Apples differentiated, the loyalty of their customers among the products and many firms want to be a part of Apples supplier, it result in low bargaining power of supplier and buyers, quiet low thread of new entrant and substitute of product and the intensity of rivalry is low. Thus it may be conclude that there are not many effects from five forces on Apple Company.

The Byzantine Empire :: essays research papers

The Byzantine Empire   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Byzantine Empire, the survivor of the Roman empire, flourished into the oldest and longest lasting empire in our history. It began with Constantine the Great's triumph of Christianity. He then transferred his capital from Rome to the refounded Byzantium in the early 4th century, year 330 AD, and named it Constantinople after himself. This city became the surviving safe spot after the breakup of the Western Roman empire by the 5th century. It was by far the largest and richest city in Christendom during the Middle Ages with a population of about one million people. (Encarta)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Constantine the Great had established a criterion for the empire to follow throughout its history. It included the harmony of the church, the leaders and the teachers of the empire. Constantine created a successful new monetary system based on the gold solidus, or nomisma which lasted well into the middle of the 11th century. Because of the commercial thriving throughout the 4th, 5th, and 6th centuries, many ancient cities flourished. Large estates dominated agriculture which continued to be fruitful in spite of the heavy taxation causing an abandonment of land. From the beginning to the end of the Byzantine empire, the church and the emperor had been the largest landholders, therefore being the largest profiteers of Byzantine. (Encarta)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After the Roman empire fell in 476 AD, Byzantine conquered all. It took over the space of southeastern Europe, southwestern Asia, and the northeast corner of Africa. The present day countries in these areas include the Balkan Peninsula, Syria, Jordan, Israel, and Egypt. This large empire known as Byzantine didn't get called Byzantine until scholars named it. The people of that time were not thought of as Byzantines but as Romans who lived a Roman lifestyle. Byzantine had been started and ruled by an emperor without any formal constitution. It slowly formed a similar establishment of late Roman institutions. Byzantine followed the Romans orthodox Christianity as well. The predominant language of this era was Greek, although some subjects spoke Latin, The Byzantine Empire :: essays research papers The Byzantine Empire   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Byzantine Empire, the survivor of the Roman empire, flourished into the oldest and longest lasting empire in our history. It began with Constantine the Great's triumph of Christianity. He then transferred his capital from Rome to the refounded Byzantium in the early 4th century, year 330 AD, and named it Constantinople after himself. This city became the surviving safe spot after the breakup of the Western Roman empire by the 5th century. It was by far the largest and richest city in Christendom during the Middle Ages with a population of about one million people. (Encarta)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Constantine the Great had established a criterion for the empire to follow throughout its history. It included the harmony of the church, the leaders and the teachers of the empire. Constantine created a successful new monetary system based on the gold solidus, or nomisma which lasted well into the middle of the 11th century. Because of the commercial thriving throughout the 4th, 5th, and 6th centuries, many ancient cities flourished. Large estates dominated agriculture which continued to be fruitful in spite of the heavy taxation causing an abandonment of land. From the beginning to the end of the Byzantine empire, the church and the emperor had been the largest landholders, therefore being the largest profiteers of Byzantine. (Encarta)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After the Roman empire fell in 476 AD, Byzantine conquered all. It took over the space of southeastern Europe, southwestern Asia, and the northeast corner of Africa. The present day countries in these areas include the Balkan Peninsula, Syria, Jordan, Israel, and Egypt. This large empire known as Byzantine didn't get called Byzantine until scholars named it. The people of that time were not thought of as Byzantines but as Romans who lived a Roman lifestyle. Byzantine had been started and ruled by an emperor without any formal constitution. It slowly formed a similar establishment of late Roman institutions. Byzantine followed the Romans orthodox Christianity as well. The predominant language of this era was Greek, although some subjects spoke Latin,

Animal Farm: Utopia :: Animal Farm Essays

Animal Farm: Utopia The definition of Utopia is "no place." A Utopia is an ideal society in which the social, political, and economic evils afflicting human kind have been wiped out. This is an idea displayed in communist governments. In the novel, Animal Farm, by George Orwell Old Major's ideas of a Utopia are changed because of Napoleon's bad leadership. Old Major explains his dreams and ideas to all the animals before he dies. At his speech all the animals go to hear what Old Major has to say. This happens on the night that Mr. Jones comes home drunk. Old Major explains his ideas to all the animals: Man is the only creature that consumes without producing. He does not give milk, he does not lay eggs, he is too weak to pull the plow, he cannot run fast enough to catch rabbits. Yet he is lord of all the animals. (p.19) This speech gets all the animals riled up and sends the toughts of getting rid of man. Old Major then teaches them the song the Beasts of England which teaches them the "great" life without man and with no more bad leaders: Beasts of England, beasts of Ireland, Beasts of every land and clime, Hearken to my joyful tidings, Of the golden future time. Soon or late the day is coming, Tyrant Man shall be o'erthrown, And the fruitful fields of England, Shall be trod by beasts alone. Rings shall vanish from our noses, And the harness from our back, Bit and spur shall rust forever, Cruel whips no more shall crack. Riches more than mind can picture, Wheat and barley, oats and hay, Clover, beans, and mangel-wurzels Shall be ours upon the day...(p.22-23) After the song the animals were even more excited. They sing the song so loud it wakes Mr. Jones up. Mr. Jones starts firing his gun into the darkness. This quickly scatters the animals. Three days later Old Major dies so Snowball and Napoleon take over but Napoleon wants all the power. Snowball does a lot of research and planing but Napoleon wants to take over completely by himself. So Napoleon frames Snowball so he can become the leader. Orwell tells about the meeting to discuss the windmill: By the time he had finished speaking, there was no dought as to which way the vote would go. But just at this moment Napoleon stood up and...uttered a high pitched whimper of a kind no one had ever heard...nine enormous dogs wearing brass studded collars came...they dashed strait for snowball. (P.57) This scene shows Napoleon is a tyrant and wants all the power to himself and

Cleopatra’s dramatic Essay

This request displays Cleopatra’s dramatic, attention seeking and indulgent side. She can be very histrionic which becomes more evident throughout the scene. Cleopatra’s words also portray her as a very manipulative person, able to bend people to her will. Cleopatra’s unexpected actions are what fascinates Antony and keeps him drawn to her. This could partly be the reason why Antony’s Egyptian side has such a strong hold over him. Furthermore, Cleopatra’s dramatic words accuse Antony of being unfaithful: â€Å"O, never was there queen/ So mightily betrayed!† This again shows Cleopatra as being manipulative, jealous and quarrelsome – a difficult aspect of her character. Her statement is very self-pitying and manipulative, she is accusing Antony and there is nothing he could say to please her. He cannot control or deal with her – possible part of what makes her so fascinating and intriguing. Therefore it can once again be seen that Shakespeare’s creation of Cleopatra as a manipulation and captivating character plays some part in Antony’s duality of character. Her hold over her lover is too strong and is making Antony a more Egyptian, hedonistic lover than a true Roman of his past.  The audience are first introduced to Antony through the comments of Philo at the very beginning of the play, and the audience are informed of the duality of character in Antony. Philo begins by describing how he feels that Antony’s love for Cleopatra is out of control and damaging him and his reputation: â€Å"Nay, but this dotage of our general’s/ O’erflows the measure.† Philo continues with: â€Å" His captain’s heart,  Which in the scuffles of great fights hath burst  The buckles on his breast, reneges all temper,  And is become the bellows and the fan  To cool a gypsy’s lust.†Ã‚  This refers to Antony’s past greatness as a soldier – a true Roman hero. Philo feels like Antony’s love for Cleopatra has overpowered him and destroyed what he once was. Philo then describes Antony as one of â€Å"the triple pillar of the world transformed/ Into a strumpet’s fool.† This shows the Roman contempt for Cleopatra, which is conveyed throughout the play. None of the Romans have a good thing to say about her and disregard her. The hugely eminent and powerful, magnificent Antony has been utterly diminished by his infatuation and obsession with Cleopatra. Philo once again makes reference to Antony’s past greatness: â€Å"Sometimes, when he is not Antony,  He comes too short of that great property  Which still should go with Antony.†Ã‚  It reminds the audience how great Antony was as a great roman, a great leader, strong politician and statesman. Through the conversation of Philo and Demetrius, it can therefore be seen that Antony is indeed caught in a tug-of-war between his Roman and Egyptian loyalty ties. He is supposedly loyal to Rome, yet he is loyal to Cleopatra and the inhabitants of her Kingdom in Egypt. In conclusion, it is the differing character’s comments and views that bring out the duality in Antony’s character in Act One. The comments from Antony uncover an underlying battle within himself, a battle fought by both his Egyptian and Roman side. Antony himself acts madly in love with Cleopatra, yet aside, he seems to know that his real loyalty lies with Rome, and his love with the queen can only lead to destruction and danger. Octavius Caesar’s remarks inform the audience of Antony’s past as a great and respected soldier of Rome. This reinforces the audience’s view of Antony’s character division and allows the audience to fully appreciate the difficult choice that Antony will have to make. In addition, Cleopatra’s comments on her lover give the audience her true personality traits of being manipulative and dramatic. These qualities fascinate Antony and encourage his lust and strengthen his Egyptian loyalty ties. Finally, Philo’s own observations of Antony give the notion of Cleopatra being a poison that has transformed Antony from a fully pledged guardian of Rome to an irresponsible and pleasure seeking fool.

Lebanese Women Rights

Lebanon more established extremelydifficult political circumstances that result in war quite just once that deteriorated the state and every one laws and created an environment wherever violating human rights is well reached. though Asian country was one in all the member states behind the universal declaration of the human rights that was custom-made by the global organization general assembly on Gregorian calendar month 1948(Charafeddiene, 2009). Lebanon could be a various society that a good variety of voters was raised in well developed countries, besides quite seventy p. of the individuals square measure educated and a good variety of thinkers rose up from Asian country, still human rights aren't revered and particularly women’s rights, thus as girls across the globe take a flash to celebrate their various achievements in Asian country still fight for theirs in associate degree unrelenting patriarchic society(Castle 2009). And in an exceedingly country wherever women†™s rights looked as if it would be revered, still girls cannot pass their status to their broods; government has its reasons however girlssquare measure adhered to their right.The Lebanese status is transmitted by paternity (father). However, this offers the proper to Lebanese to transmit citizenship to their youngsters and foreign wives. (Lebanon: provide girls equal citizenship rights to men beneath the status law 2013 ) the main needs to the Lebanese needs could be a Lebanese father, according to the United Nations this can be thought-about discrimination and it's any upheld by Lebanon's reservation on Article two of paragraph nine of the United Nations Convention of the Elimination of All varieties of Discrimination against girls, signed in 1996. his can be the most conflict by that Lebanese girls square measure hard-to-pleaseto regulate this law and to present Lebanese girls there rights en passant status to their spouses and husbands. Kleib 2 Samira Soueidan's the Burj Hammo ud resident fell smitten, married and began a family. When her husband kicked the bucket in 1994, Soueidan was left with four youngsters the Lebanese state viewed as foreigners. Her crime? Soueidan had married associate degree Egyptian. hereas Lebanese law permits men to expire their status to their non-Lebanese wives and kids, it prohibits Lebanese girls married to non-Lebanese from doing constant. ( One Woman's Fight Against Lebanese status Law, 2013) â€Å"It's extremely ironic that we tend to faux to be the foremost liberal country within the region once we are the most patriarchic and booth at constant time,† (Abou-Habib 1994). the most right girls square measure hard-to-pleaseis that the equality and therefore the full citizenship and to be within the same category as men not a secondary category.Lebanese law discriminates girls and deprives girls from their rights, giving men additional rights. girlsneedto interrupt this masculine society that contradicts with Lebanese constitution and conjointly contradicts with several of national human rights standards â€Å"Convention on the Elimination of All varieties of Discrimination against girls â€Å"(CEDAW). girls have masses additional reasons to regulate the law.Adding the proper of the spouses has the proper to carry the status of their mother, this can be his identity, his mother and grandparents were raised in an exceedingly country that he will visit it as a guest, neglecting the very fact that he belongs to the current space, what is more he would are living within the country till he's over-the-hill, culture, traditions, friends, family land recollections were all gained in Asian country, and a jiffy be treated as a guest or a interloper desires a permission to go to the place he/she was raised in. ut broods that lived off from the country have the proper to go to wherever Kleib 3 their mother was raised and even additional the proper to freely selectwhereverto measure. consistent with Dr. A man Kabara this law affects not solely girls however rather the full family negatively (Mahdawi 2013).The socio-economic scenario has effects on the full family, families of Lebanese girls square measure needed to pay annual residency allow fees of around $1,200 per individual, endure regular medical check-ups and blood tests, and face wide difficulties in accessing or reasonable education, besides they can't profit social insurance and government subsidies, and health-care in Asian country isn'treasonablewhile not the social insurance program. what is more non-Lebanese cannot attain legal job neither public sector nor within the non-public sector unless they need a permission from the labor ministry.Samira value-addedâ€Å"My youngstersestablish as being 100% Lebanese, they are doing not have the other status. They love their country considerablyand that they were born and raised here entirely. â€Å"( One woman's fight against Lebanese status law 2009). May Kingall hopped to exa mine a law before she dies and tell her story â€Å"adding she had struggled for years to pay the residency fees for her half-Irish female offspring, currently over forty years previous.Kinghall aforesaid her female offspring, despite having a Lebanese Baccalaureate and a degree from the yankee University of capital of Lebanon, had to go away Asian country as a result of, while not a Lebanese passport, was unable to figure. â€Å"I'm still fighting to induce the proper of status for my kidUN agency was born here, raised here and UN agency feels she belongs here,† Kinghall value-added with exasperation Kleib 4 our kids square measure watched as aliens to the state. Hundreds of Lebanese girls demand equal right to expirestatus 2009) Problems that girls talked regarding were various consistent with the study of the global organization. they're issues that folksof various cultural, social levels and political orientations stumble upon. They shed the sunshine on the human rights of all voters If human rights guarantee to a personal the elemental rights, as an example right to figure, health care, environs and property, the rights of citizenship renders the optional matter a necessary one. girls square measure equal voters with men. Thus, why square measure they missing human rights?There square measure extravariousissuesexplanation from thisstatus Law, among thatthe texture of non-belonging that convoys lives of families and therefore the deep concern going hand in hand with details of everyday life. If the sensation of estrangement is that the least imperative in an exceedingly society that's as open because the Lebanese society, the children’s worries concerning the longer term and for the longer term, that they get from their folks, flip misery into pains that mother voiced with some tears that attended their confession of ignoring this law and therefore the ensuingissues it brings to their families. Charafeddiene, 2009) The minstrel committee eve n this difference by reasons that were almost like jokes as activists aforesaid. the foremost important reason was the demographic balance between Muslims and Christians that is hooked up to a additionaldifficult issue that is giving status to Palestinian refugees in Asian country. This last issue was major Kleib 5 reason within the continuous civil clashes for fifteen years, and still not resolved till of late and should stir up the war once more.The committee suspect that an oversized variety of Palestinians within the refugee's camps square measure married to Lebanese Sunni girlsattributable to the massive interaction between Muslim Sunni and therefore the Palestinians and the common faith. queries were asked regarding proportion|the share|the proportion} distribution of marriages consistent with faith and weather this percentage is decent to deny the women’s right fully citizenship. The statistics of the interior and municipality’s ministry, and therefore the Musli m courts and therefore the Christian church was that eighty seven. % marriages square measure Muslims and twelve. 5% square measure Christians, and by sects fifty one for Muslim Sunni, and if we tend to take the share by country of the husbands particularly Palestinians husbands square measure twenty first and ninety one of those twenty one square measure Muslim Sunni. Those statistics will support their purpose of read in unbalancing the demographic distribution unless we all know the share in numbers that eighty,000 square measure ones served by this Law that is a smaller amount than a hundred and twenty fifth of the Lebanese population that is negligible for the balance.Even additional the law was adopted before the immigration of Palestinians’ to Asian country (the law of status was adopted in 1925 and therefore the Palestinians immigrated in 1948 to Lebanon). thus this law was born filled with discrimination and difference. Men also are marrying non-Lebanese and consiste nt with the Lebanese general security, share of men marrying non-Lebanese is quitegirls marrying non-Lebanese and this could threaten the balance additional. Kleib 6The minstrel committee had additional excuses to support their purpose of read, either than the political problems demographical balance, it had been the difficult economic scenario in Asian country, and therefore the committee aforesaid that Asian country cannot hold additional responsibilities on different voters, and therefore the subsidies and social insurance cannot cowlextravariety of voters, and it'll be obligatedto hide the Palestinian refugees beneath this law. This reason was unimportantconsistent with the activists since these square measure active votership that may profit the country like several different citizens. oreover in traditional conditions Lebanese government isn't holding responsibilities, voters square measure fighting to possess their rights and that they square measure managing. Hundreds of gir ls activists square measure protestantto achieve their rights fully citizenship and to achieve different girls rights, a number of the organizations political figures in Asian country supported them, and that they draft a replacement citizenship law that respects girls rights and respect the gender equality. he primary Lebanese woman and therefore the Lebanese President is supporting the move, however still the govt isn't issuance this draft law, ladengirlsonce interviewed couldn’t continue the interview while not crying, that’s a good proof on what quantity these girls square measure neglected. girlsassociate degreed human rights believers ought to take an action and support those families to achieve this right, and begin the modification in Asian country on completely different sides.This was acceptable once a lady required a defender and once her capacities and potentials failed to alter her invariablyto form the proper decisions and choices. However, oncegirlsthese days square measure additional educated surpassing those of Kleib 7 males, meeting capacities in body and political opinions thatgirlsare aloof from,. (Charafeddiene 2009).And knowing that Asian country is one in allthe foremost political difficult countries and has endless difficulties, still the beginning ought to be by giving rights to any or all voters and equality ought to be noninheritable . Lebanese individuals says proudlyregarding freedom and rights in Asian country, this pride ought to push to support the hard-to-pleasefor ladies rights. Read more at http://smallseotools. com/article-rewriter/#qjZSvHQXilDiPq0b. 99

Applied Concept Paper Essay

Executive Summary The purpose of this paper is to help me to fully understand and expand my knowledge of the concepts four in our textbook. By performing research about recent business world activities, I will be able to link the terms learned in the lecture in order to get the full picture. Although I chose terms that are found in both chapter 6 and chapter 7, most of my terms come from chapter 7, which talks about corporate strategy. Our textbook Strategic Management and Business Policy textbook by Thomas L. Wheelen and J. David Hunger is a great source of information for anyone interested in learning more about business. According to our textbook, the three key issues that corporate strategy deals with are: 1. Directional Strategy – The firm’s overall orientation toward growth, stability, or retrenchment. 2. Portfolio analysis – The industries or markets in which the firm competes through its products and business units. 3. Parenting strategy – The manner in which management coordinates activities and transfers resources and cultivates capabilities among product lines and business units. From the readings, I chose the terms that I found most interesting. The concepts that I chose from my readings are acquisition, joint venture, licensing agreements, long-term contracts, and strategic alliance. After doing extensive research, I came upon recent articles that have helped me to understand the book and help me to incorporate the knowledge that I have gained in this class with the real world. In this paper I fully explain how the terms learned in the textbook relate to recent articles. Abstracts 1. Delphi Automotive closes on FCI unit acquisition, by the Associated Press, Published on Friday October 26, 2012 This article announces the completion of an acquisition deal that was announced in May of 2012 by the company Delphi Automotive. This deal was for the acquisition of FCI motorized vehicles unit, which manufactures auto connection systems. The deal cost Delphi Automotive 765 million euros ($987.5 million). Delphi Automotive has its headquarters in Troy, Michigan. It was saved by the United States Government in 2005. Since then, the company has recuperated; however, it has done so by decreasing its costs, such as, massive layoffs and downsizing its manufacturing business. With this merger, Delphi expects to increase its future earnings gain an approximate $0.24 per share. 2. Clariant AG : Clariant and Wilmar establish Joint Venture for amines and selected amines derivatives, by Thompson Reuters ONE, Published on Friday, October 26, 2012 This article announces the joint ven ture between two well established companies: Clariant Ltd. and Wilmar International Limited. Clariant Ltd. is a specialty Chemicals Company based out of Swtizerland. It is the parent company to over 100 companies worldwide. As of December 2011, the company had an approximate 22,100 employees. Clariant specializes in growing its business by partnering or acquiring a variety of firms that will help the company maintain profitability and create a steady growth. Wilmar International Limited is a leading competitor in the agribusiness field of Asia. The company was formed in 1991 and it is based out of Singapore. Some of Wilmar’s business activities include, oil palm cultivation, oilseeds crushing, edible oils. In addition, the article goes into detail of how the companies will both benefit from this joint venture. Further detail will be discussed later in this paper. 3. Hyrax Energy and WARF enter into licensing agreement, by Bret Williams, Published on October 26, 2012. This article explains the licensing agreement deal between Hyrax Energy and the Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation (WARF). This licensing agreement is geared toward finding alternative fuel choices for consumers. Researchers from both Hyrax Energy and WARF have already found new technology that can be used to produce alternative clean fuels and plastic materials. Furthermore, this licensing agreement allows WARF and Hyrax Energy to commercialize the new alternative fuel and generate profits not only domestically but also in the global market in the near future. In addition, the development of this new technology shows that the economy of the United States can be affected positively with the creation of new jobs and also with increased consumer demand for clean biofuels. 4. CareFirst BlueCross BlueShield, Healthways Announce Extension of Contract for Disease Management Services Through 2015, by Business Wire, Published on October 17, 2012 This article is in regards to the extension of a long-term contract between the companies CareFirst Blue Cross Blue Shield and Healthways. The companies have been working together for a few years and they have been serving about 600,000 members. The extension of this contract signifies that together these two companies are able to partner to offer their clients better healthcare services and preventative disease solutions. CareFirst Blue Cross Blue Shield has been in business for 75 years and Healthways is a company dedicated to create healthier human beings. It also serves about 40 million customers in four continents. 5. PepsiCo and Suntory Agree to Form Strategic Beverage Alliance in Vietnam, by Pepsi Co., Published on October 22, 2012 This article discusses the strategic alliance formed by PepsiCo and Suntory Holdings Limited. This strategic alliance will help PepsiCo increase its business in Vietnam. Although both companies have both experienced success in this country, their strategic alliance will catapult both companies to new heights. PepsiCo will be in charge of marketing its strong products which include Pepsi-Cola, 7-UP, Sting, Mirinda, Tropicana Twister, Lipton and Aquafina. At the same time, Suntory will be in charge of bringing its ability to successfully meet the demands of its Asian customers. These companies have successfully worked in the past in other countries, such as, the United States, Japan, and New Zealand. PepsiCo has been able to grow in the Vietnamese market since entering it in 1994. For Suntory, it is hoping to achieve one of its long-range plans, which is to expand in to Vietnam. Concepts 1. Acquisition According to Wheelen and Hunger an acquisition is a growth strategy that occurs when a company absorbs another (usually smaller) company as an operating subsidiary or division of the acquiring corporation. Acquisitions usually take place with companies of different sizes and they can be hostile or friendly. Acquisitions can also be a good way to grow into an international market. For example, a domestic company can purchase another company that is already established and operating in a different country. This benefits the purchasing company by reducing the amount of time and money it needs to spend on acquiring documentation to enter into such country. 2. Joint Venture A joint venture is one type of horizontal growth strategy that companies use in order to penetrate international markets. This usually takes place between a domestic company and a foreign corporation. Joint ventures are created when companies wish to combine their resources in order to create new products and/or technologies. Joint ventures can be made among companies or companies with a government agency. By forming a joint venture, companies usually save themselves the possibility of expropriation in a new country by its government. In addition, a joint venture can also help companies penetrate countries that do not allow foreign vendors. (Wheelen & Hunger, 2012) . 3. Licensing agreements A licensing agreement is another growth strategy that companies use in order to increase their profitability. According to Wheelen, under a licensing agreement, the licensing firm grants rights to another firm in the host country to produce and/or sell a certain product. The licensee pays the licensing firm in return for technical expertise. This strategy is particularly beneficial when the licensing company is well-established but lacks the resources to enter a new market in a different country. 4. Long-term contracts According to our textbook, long-term contracts are a type of vertical integration strategy by the formation of agreements between two firms to provide agreed-upon goods and services to each other for a specified period of time. In order to be considered a type of vertical integration, long-term contracts must specify that the contract is mutually exclusive and that neither firm can enter into the same or a similar contract with a third party. 5. Strategic Alliance Long-term cooperative arrangements between two or more independent firms or business units that engage in business activities for mutual economic gain. In order to keep up with the continuing growth and demand from consumers, strategic alliances have become a part of modern business. The length of strategic alliances may vary from a few months to a few years. Although companies benefit mutually from these alliances, conflicts often arise over the companies’ objectives and control issues. This conflict therefore leads for about 50% of strategic alliances to fail in both domestic and international markets (Wheelen & Hunger, 2012). Analysis 1. Acquisition In the article â€Å"Delphi Automotive closes on FCI unit acquisition,† I learned how an actual acquisition takes place in the business world. One company, in this case Delphi Automotive, which is larger than FCI Group, acquired and completely absorbed FCI Group’s motorized vehicle unit. This friendly takeover will allow Delphi to expand its global reach and its ability to make electronic connectors for vehicles. In addition, this acquisition will also help Delphi Automotive increase its earnings per share in the coming year. 2. Joint Venture In the article â€Å"Clariant AG: Clariant and Wilmar establish Joint Venture for amines and selected amines derivatives,† we see an example of a joint venture. From our textbook we have learned that a joint venture is a type of international entry option for horizontal growth of a company. Both Clariant and Wilmar are well established companies. With the formation of this joint venture, they will influence each other with each company’s individual strengths in order to increase their growth opportunites. Furthermore, the benefits that Clariant will bring to the joint venture are: â€Å"its Industrial & Consumer Specialties (ICS) Business Unit’s sales activities of relevant amines and defined derivatives to the joint venture as well as its amines plant in Germany and production output from its amines plant in Brazil.† At the same time, Wilmar will contribute the venture with the use of its plant in China and also the company’s expertise in oleochemicals and renewable raw materials. The article ends by stating the following: â€Å"Due to its strong roots in Asia combined with plans to expand the business globally, Wilmar is an excellent partner for Clariant to support our customer base in all parts of the world†, said Michael Willome, Head of Business Unit ICS. 3. Licensing agreements This article explains that the companies Hyrax Energy and WARF have entered into a licensing agreement. According to our textbook, companies enter into licensing agreements both domestically and internationally. In this case, the licensing agreement is domestically. Hyrax is a company that emerged from Department of Energy funded Great Lakes BioEnergy Research Center (GLBRC) and has now entered into a licensing agreement with Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation (WARF) (Hyrax Energy, Inc., 2012). Hyrax’s strategy is to be able to use the latest technologies in order to develop alternative biofuels. In addition, Hyrax hopes that the licensing agreement helps it commercialize its biofuels in the United States and with the long term goal of expansion into the global markets. 4. Long-term contracts According to the article â€Å"CareFirst BlueCross BlueShield, Healthways Announce Extension of Contract for Disease Management Services Through 2015,† the companies mentioned decided to extend their already prosperous long-term contract. This was an agreement previously made by both firms. This allowed them to provide each company’s goods and services to their customers. This way, the companies are successful at reaching more customers and providing better services while reducing their costs. Since the cost of healthcare is rising, the companies are interested in offering preventative solutions in order to minimize future high healthcare costs. Although our book states that recently, companies have moved away from long-term contracts, which is a form of vertical growth strategy, in this case both companies benefit from having contracts since they offer different services to their customers, however, such services complement one another. CareFirst BlueCross BlueShield offers health insurance while Healthways offers its consumers preventative ways to stay healthy and thus helps keep the costs minimum for CareFirst BlueCross BlueShield . 5. Strategic Alliance In the article, â€Å"PepsiCo and Suntory Agree to Form Strategic Beverage Alliance in Vietnam,† we learn how two successful companies decide to join their resources to form a strategic alliance in order to gain market share and mutual economic gain. This strategic alliance will help PepsiCo build on its current position in the Vietnam market, while utilizing Suntory’s strong brands and recognizable ability to cater to the Asian market. The strategic alliance by these two companies in Vietnam is expected to have a positive effect for both companies and will help them increase their profits. Alone each company is already successful; however, together they expect to grow their business exponentially. Conclusion Research and reading the book have taught me to better understand strategies and different techniques that companies use in order to expand their businesses. Companies are in business to create profits; they do this by thinking outside the box. Through the articles, I learned that a variety of companies in today’s market are constantly searching for ways to succeed. In addition, they must seek new ventures in order to enter both domestic and international markets. Where companies choose to join their competitors in a strategic alliance, or a joint venture, long-term contract, or simply by signing a licensing agreement, these are good options for companies to try in order to succeed in the market and avoid a potential acquisition by their biggest competitor. References Associated Press. (2012, October 26). News. Retrieved from Yahoo Finance: http://finance.yahoo.com/news/delphi-automotive-closes-fci-unit-123219090.html Business Wire. (2012, October 17). CareFirst BlueCross BlueShield, Healthways Announce Extension of Contract for Disease Management Services Through 2015. Rock Hill, South Carolina, Unite States. Hyrax Energy, Inc. (2012, October 27). About. Retrieved from Hyrax Energy: http://hyraxenergy.com/ Pepsi Co., I. (2012, October 22). Media – Press Release. Retrieved from Pepsico: http://www.pepsico.com/PressRelease/PepsiCo-and-Suntory-Agree-to-Form-Strategic-Beverage-Alliance-in-Vietnam10222012.html Press Release. (2012, October 26). Clariant AG : Clariant and Wilmar establish Joint Venture for amines and selected amines derivatives. Muttenz, Singapore. Wheelen, T., & Hunger, D. (2012). Strategic Management and Business Policy Toward Global Sustainability. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson. Williams, B. (2012, October 26). Alte rnative Energy. Retrieved from Hydrogen Fuel News: http://www.hydrogenfuelnews.com/hyrax-energy-and-warf-enter-into-licensing-agreement/856496/